Different role of business activity

Different role of business activity

There are lots of activities when we form a business. Every business has a fixed and important place in society to give and take from raw materials to finish goods. In this pipeline from raw materials to finish goods, we interact with lot of interested group like some are related with internal environment and some from external environment. The main aim is to satisfied human being need with economic gain.

Different types of business activity

We divide business activity in two parts depend on their nature –

                                                           

Industry: - we mostly include manufacturing units in it. Some goods are ready to use like customers goods but some are like capital goods which help in producing others things –machinery or building etc. we divide it into four parts, first extractive – getting out raw materials for earth, sea or air. Second, Genetic – it engaged with plant & animals like nurseries and big cattle or others farms. Third – manufacturing and last is – construction.

Commerce: - production of any things for satisfactions of people or human need is the main aim of business. But we have a pipe line from industry or manufacturing to consumer. In this pipeline, we have wholesale, retails, import –export, banking, transport, Warehousing and insurance. We include all these activity into commerce which makes easy the business.

Different types of banks

Different types of banks

Banking is a comprehensive wide term in which different types of financial activity take places. In other words – a system or place where we put our money or valuable things for safety purpose and take back or withdrawal according to our need or requirement. Bank system deal in money, it takes money from depositor on a low rate and gives it to industries on other/higher rates according to their needs. In past time lot of people involve in these types of activity like – shroffs, seths, mahajans, baniya or sahukar etc.

Different types of banks

Here, we mention some different types of banks

Commercial bank – a bank which accept deposit and allow people for withdrawal in any way like cash or cheque,  come under a commercial bank. It also provide help for trade, industry, commerce, discount bill, payment, tax and money transfer etc.

Saving bank – these banks always motivate for saving for their future needs, by introducing a variety of attractive schemes. These banks are hardly working in current days.

Land development bank – these bank set up for especially for farmer. They provide fund for a long run with a low charge and recover in installments over a long run.

Co-operative bank – these banks formed on mutual benefits for a society. These banks provide short term support to farmer & small scale industry. These are formed on village level, district or state level.

Industrial bank – these banks provide medium and long term financial help to industry. Some of like – Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), Industrial Credit and Investments Corporation of India (ICICI), National Small Industries Corporations ltd.

Exchange bank – these banks have a concern with buying & selling of foreign exchange and provide support for export-import. In it, we include foreign exchange, bill payment or exchange, credit facility and allow hedging.

Banking – A History and Function

Banking – A History and Function

Banking is a comprehensive wide term in which different types of financial activity take places. In other words – a system or place where we put our money or valuable things for safety purpose and take back or withdrawal according to our need or requirement. Bank system deal in money, it takes money from depositor on a low rate and gives it to industries on other/higher rates according to their needs. In past time lot of people involve in these types of activity like – shroffs, seths, mahajans, baniya or sahukar etc.

Our first bank, Bank of Hindustan is entirely managed by out sides of India. After that bank of Bengal (1806), Bank of Bombay (1840) or Bank of Madras (1846). After freedom, the State bank of India was formed in 1955 for main financial activity in India. It is responsible for new branches in different area of India and other mutual benefit.

Banking – A History and Function  

Different functions & activity of a commercial bank –

ü  Facility for depositors: - bank means motivation for saving, it also pay interest on summit amount and also provide lockers for valuables things. It also involve different settlements like cheques, DD, bill payments or tax etc.

ü  Loan: - commercial bank provides financial support to small scale or big industries and farmer for a fix time with low level of interest rates. Mainly bank lend their money like overdraft, cash, creditor, loans & bill discounts. These facilities also divided into secured and unsecured loan.

ü  Other services: - bank also buys & sells share, bond or debentures for their customers. It also pay their regular payment like tax or premium etc.

      

                                                                                                          

                                                                                                      

Different interested group in business

Different interested group in business

In present time, it is not possible that a business only concentrate the profit making while totally ignore the social – economical relationship. There are lot of interested group in society which is directly connected by business like shareholder, employees, consumers, suppliers, and government. Here, we mention some important interested group in business: -

Share holder: - we also call them the “owner”. They require a adequate return on investment. They have complete information & a clear picture about profit and always looking for a hike in share value.

Employees: - employee requires a fair wages which take cares their living cost & growth. These require a job satisfaction environment. They are must be motivated by financial or non-financial, better working condition, medical care, retirement benefits.

Different interested group in business

Consumers: - every business depends on customer behaviour. If a business has lot of customers it shows its growth story & satiability. Every output like goods and services require customers and customers require all things with a standard and quality in a minimum price. A business also gives attention to any fault & repair, replacement, poor complaint handling and failure to delivery of goods on time.

Suppliers & creditors: - every business requires raw materials, labors, machines for a timely delivery of their goods and services. A business must pay a fair price to its suppliers for good quality materials & on timely delivery. It’s also requiring a timely payment to creditors also.

Government: - it is our duty to follow the rules passed by local, states or central government. It must a co-operation with policy maker to form a good policy with a good working environment.

Community: - the responsibility of a business for community is very important factor. Mostly, we divide it into two parts, first – as regards social, political & environment and second is improving the living condition or standard of peoples or human being.

                                                                                            

Social objectives of a business

Social objectives of a business

Every business starts with some objectives. These objectives always define the path or way of business. It also includes future steps and decision according to the demand of the future. Mostly, we found two types of business objectives – economic and social objectives. In economic objectives, we mention economic gain or profit making, production of goods and services, making market share etc. In current environment, every business has some social responsibility/objectives also like employee relationship, customer satisfaction & mix activity for society etc.

Social objectives of a business

                                                                

Every business has two type of environment from a business point of view. In Internal-environment, we include like man power, machine or capital goods, financial & technological resources. Naturally, if these are not in a manner, no business gets its goal or economical gain. In external environment, we include like economical factor, political factor, social & technical factor. These factors also play an important role while making business objective or economic-gain policy. So businesses always try to adopt a policy in which have profits with social objective.

Some social objective are: -

ü  Every business tries to make a maximum economical gain or making profit but at the same time, he must follow the rule & low passed by the Government.

ü  Moral standard must be maintained or increased in the society by business activity, it also include internal and environment.

ü  Safety features and working condition must have a standard.

ü  Accept responsibility for solving problems faced by individual and society also

ü  Share public interested information with society and take idea to improve it.

Business objectives

Business objectives

Every business starts with some objectives. These objectives always define the path or way of business. It also includes future steps and decision according to the demand of the future. Mostly, we found two types of business objectives – economic and social objectives. In economic objectives, we mention economic gain or profit making, production of goods and services, making market share etc. In current environment, every business has some social responsibility/objectives also like employee relationship, customer satisfaction & mix activity for society etc.

Business objectives

Here, we mention some economical objective of a business: -

Economic gain or making profit: - this is the primary goal of every business activity. Economic gain or making profit, we show in terms of income, return on investment and growth etc. Nobody start a business without profit making. Every company or business, if trying to survive in the market or looking for a growth number & income, these activities shows a interest for economic gain or making profit.

Product – goods & services: - every company has some product in terms of goods and services. If a business looking to increase production on the same cost, they are looking for more customers or market share. Price war some time generates cost cutting also.

                                                                                                       

Making market share: - customer is the base for all the business activity. Every business tries to increase the market share by increasing the production on same cost or by cost cutting or by decrease the price of goods and services. A business only exist the market who have a adequate number of customer for their goods & services and they are increasing their customer according to the time run.

Causes for Business Risk

Causes for Business Risk

Business risk cover a lot of factor and it arise due to lot of causes. Here we mention some important causes for business risk: -

Causes for Business Risk

Human factor: - This factor has an important role in business risk. A single carelessness mistake by any individual may lead a big accident and involve loss of life and property. We include in it like – relationship between different levels, estimating of manpower and demand of product.

Capital goods: - Mechanical defects also have causes of risk. A explosion in any machine may cause for death of man power and a loses of raw materials. Lack of proper machine care may result of accident in production line.

Economic factor: - In it, we include change in demand of product and pricing war in between the market due to competition. We also include change in technology or economic working conditions.

Natural and miscellaneous factor: - Nobody can the natural factor like rain, flood, drought, snowfall and earthquake etc. Nobody can make for-caste for these areas. Some changes in the government policy like tax or licensing etc come under the miscellaneous factors.    

Characteristics of Business

Characteristics of Business

A business is a group of activity which keeps a person or group actively involved in work for some monetary gain. In other words, we can say that it is a wide term which includes all single or multiples activity which are directed towards earning profit/salary and generating capital through some goods, services or productions.  

Characteristics of Business  

On the behalf of the definition, we mention some characteristics of business-

Use/utility-creation & transfer: - A business always creates and transfers of multiples things for use in terms of production or goods and services for exchange. In production pipeline, we change the shape the raw materials into finish goods for multiple use. We call it use/utility of things.

Goods and Services: - Every business has some productions like goods and services. Some goods are for immediate use like food chain but for some goods require some time like clothes, furniture and car etc. Some are productive goods or capitals good like tools, machine, building etc.

Risk: - it means the possibility or chance for bearing a loss. Risk is a part of business life and it is always associates with it. Mostly, we have two type of risk – calculated and uncalculated risk. Calculated risk is always be insured but uncalculated risk never be calculated like change in tech, change in demand of goods and labor problem.

Profit/Monetary gain: - Any business always associates with monetary gain or profit. Other words we can say that business means earning money and creation of wealth in terms of production of goods and services.

Types of economical activity

Types of economical activity

Every activity which is related some monetary gain come under economical activity. Activity like make a living or add to wealth or make some capital gain, these types of activity which is related with some monetary function or gain, are come under economical activity. On the behalf of activity, we divide it into these three parts like – employee, profession and business.

Types of economical activity

Employee – We also called it job, an occupation or job under which a person performs all his activity for a salary or remuneration. In other word, a person is hired or employed by someone against a fixed amount. A person performs all the activity for employer & he acts according to the need of employer.

Professional – It is define when any work or occupation requires some special knowledge come under profession. In these special services, we often include like an Advocate or an Architect or a CA, who earns living by providing specialized services to his clients. These professional is generally regulated by some law or constitution body which define minimum academic and other qualifications.

Business – A business is a group of activity which keeps a person or group actively involved in work for some monetary gain. In other words, we can say that it is a wide term which includes all single or multiples activity which are directed towards earning profit/salary and generating capital through some goods, services or productions.   

Human need and activity

Human need and activity

Our human life is surrounded by lot of meaningful activity and we do lot of thing to survive in the world or full our need. Throughout our life, we are doing activity like – walking, talking, eating, sleeping, working, playing and so on. Some time, we are engaged in more than one activity at a time and we may also give up one activity in favor of another. These enter-related activities always put a question that “why human being engage in any/many activity”.

In short, we can say that every human activity would show purpose/ objective. It cannot be say that a person does some activity/thing without some objective. The purpose of any human activity is that it is aimed to satisfy our particular objective or need. 

Human need and activity

We divide human activity into two parts like non-economical and economical: -

Non economical – every activity which satisfied our social need, emotional need, sentimental or which is not related with monetary gain, come under this activity. These activities are mostly inspired by love, housewife activity or socials responsibility, religious and so on.  

                                                                                                                                  

Economical activity – Those activities which occurred for some economic gain. In word to make a living or add to wealth or capital gain, come under economic gain.

 

   

History of Special Education

History of Special Education

Education is a powerful instrument for social moment or a change for society in the long run. Social developments also show the educational level of the society. The educational system in our country has undergone a lot of major changes over the year for better educational.

Here, we are talking about the educational for Special Children. In 1944, CABE published a report – provision for the education of the handicapped. The Kothari commission (1964-66) – the first education commission of India on – the education of the handicapped children & inseparable part of education system.

History of Special Education

Currently, we have three legislative acts for these Special Children.

·         Rehabilitation council of India act 1992

·         Person with disabilities act 1995

·         National trust cerebral palsy MR,MD act 1999

We have also some special program for teacher & we have good quality teacher. These teachers are trained by two organizations – NCTE & RCI of India. These teacher have suggested for: -

·         Teacher have to mix with different activity or development at local level and they have to skilled in curriculum adaptation in their own class

·         Teacher have to manage a complex range of different activity in the classroom

·         They have to know how to support their student learning without giving them determined answer 

Formation of a Lesson Plan

Formation of a Lesson Plan

Lesson plan is an important part of our education, if a lesson plan have a right direction, it make easy lot of things. So it become important step for a teacher to know every single step of lesson plan or know every weak area of children & their need or current classroom environment and how to improve it.

Formation of a Lesson Plan

A lesson plan cover lot of area: -

ü  Name of school, class, date, name of teacher, age group, time frame, number of student

ü  Area – it include the area which is selected for target

ü  Topic – clear all the topic for study

ü  Current level – student current knowledge with current topic

ü  Special targets for short term and long run

ü  Motivation – it include different method to interlink or connect different topic to motivate the class

ü  Class management – it is also a important area because student always require a positive a & friendly environment

ü  Having good quality study material

ü  Different – 2 procedure adopted by teacher in different situation

ü  Different method to evolution the performance of student

Importance of a Lesson Plan

Importance of a Lesson Plan

A lesson plan is an important part of our education. Every teacher requires a study plan for class. It includes all the basic things like student current knowledge and requirement, need, study level, catching power etc. A teacher requires preparing a study material or blue print or lesson plan of all the basic for class according to the requirement of every single child.

Importance of a Lesson Plan

So here, we include some basic important points for lesson plan: -

ü  Study material for class

ü  Next topic to cover

ü  Strategy of a teacher

ü  Environment of class room

ü  Different – 2 direction or way of study

ü  Material or method adopted by teacher

ü  Important topic which require a repeated behaviour

ü  Evaluations of class work

ü  We find some children who are unable to understand so take a another method to teach such children

Importance of written materials: -

ü  A teacher must aware about next steps

ü  With this, we are able to fix some target and also to analysis

ü  Its define the different steps & direction for teacher

ü  It’s become to find some mistake in written material

ü  It helpful to make a good and healthy environment

Preparation of Lesson Plan

Preparation of Lesson Plan

Lesson Plan is an important part of our education. Every teacher requires a study plan for class. It includes lot of things like student current knowledge and future requirement, their need or social -behaviour change etc. So it becomes the responsibility of every teacher to make a lesson plan according to their basic requirement. In short, we can say that when a teacher prepares himself/herself to take a class, we call it lesson plan.

It is also called the blue print for the class and it is also include all the basic need or requirement of class and also we modify it according to the need of every single child.

Preparation of Lesson Plan

For example: - for math class, every child has a different level of knowledge about number & calculation like –

ü  One child did not know the number value but another know the number and their value

ü  One child know only 1 or 2 but another child have a knowledge up to 10 number

ü  Some children able to read only but unable to write down

ü  Every child not able to understand the tables

So, in-these situations a teacher not able to cover all the class with one view, he must bring changes according to the requirement of different – 2 child to make a lesson plan effective.