Problem face by Special children in writing

Problem face by Special children in writing

Writing is a good way to represent any things or view. It is also a primary step. It is not necessary to understand writing after learning, but we also understand writing before learning.

If we understand both the thing together, it’s really a good thing. It also helps us to understand the different meaning of sign board, writing different shape, different way to represent or communication system.

It is necessary to understand the fine motor skills of a child before writing. For example like how to sit, use of pen or coordination between eyes and hand. We have some sequence of problem related with fine motor skills like:-

problem in writing for special children

ü  Firstly, we discuss about the fine loco motor skills. In it, we include concentration, sitting position, coordination, between hand & eyes etc.

ü  If a child have a visual problem

ü  How to grip the pen or pencil is also a basic problem if a child unable to make a coordination, he face problem in writing or any other handicapped problem

ü  Moment of hand is also a factor like if the moment is not in sequence from left to right in writing

ü  If a child unable to understand the different sign board

ü  If a child having a high level of emotional, he is also unable to learn writing

ü  If a child not interested for writing

Writing activity for Special Children

Writing activity for Special Children

                                                           

Writing is a good way to represent any things or view. It is also a primary step. It is not necessary to understand writing after learning, but we also understand writing before learning.

If we understand both the thing together, it really a good things. It also helps us to understand the different meaning of sign board, writing different shape, different way to represent or communication system, but it is necessary to understand the fine motor skills of a child before writing. For example like how to sit, use of pen or coordination between eyes and hand.

writing skills for special children

  We have some step for writing like scrubbing, scribbling and tracing.

ü  Scrubbing: - It is a basic concept of writing. In it we include the basic activity of hand when a child moves it hands freely. For example – when child put liquid color down and try to moves hands in it or like other thing drop down in floor and use his hand.

ü  Scribbling: - In this step, we include pen, pencil or mom-color & write down with free hand. The main motive only to make a grip on these things and try to write down in any shape with having a positive approach.

ü  Tracing: - it is an exercise of writing skills. In it, we include writing activity to a meaning full representation. It is a chain system of different exercise, with the help of this, we avoid these thing like – mistake, low speed for writing or poor representation skills

Importance of Reading for Special Children

Importance of Reading for Special Children

Reading is an important part of our life. It is primary component of our life. It creates a base for a life and we become able to understand the outer would. When normal child start reading, a child start learning lot of things. So in other words, we can say that it is a first step of our life.

                                            But when we discuss reading for a special child, it become more difficult for parents and teacher. It is not an easy task to make him understand. We follow a process to teach them and make them understand. Special children take much time to start reading. We have some step for this:-

Importance of Reading for Special Children

ü  Pre-primary _ (Chronological Age =0-6years, Mental Age =2.6-3years):- In this age, we include name of fruits, vegetables, birds, animals, transport vehicles, parts of body and size of any things etc.

ü  Primary_ (CA=6-9years, MA=3-5.6years):- we include activity like self name, father and family names, phone number, house number. Also we include sleeping, wake-up, singing, time like past present or future, day in a week with names etc.

ü  Secondary_ (CA=9-12, MA=5.6-7years):- In this creative education, we include basic education skills like – counting (number, money matters), importance of different sign board and their value – police, hospitals, school, roads crossing, different light – red or yellow or green and how to perform other activity etc.

ü  Pre-vocational_(CA=12-18years, MA=7-9years):- In this section, we mostly consider work skills and social relationship. When we make a program for this level, we must consider the capacity of a child and their interest as well as work planning, rules & regulation, good manner like how to sit, eat, music or other activity

                                   

Functional Academics for Special Children

Functional Academics for children

In normal life, every child should learn lot of thing which is necessary in daily routine life. But when we discuss about special children, we surely take additional step to teach daily activity. These skills or activity include educational or non-educational skills. In non-educational skills, we include bathing, brushing, clothing or toileting etc. In educational skills, we include 3R like reading, writing or math.

Functional Academics for Special Children

          

                                          Here, we are discussing about educational program like reading, writing or math like:-

Ø  In reading, we include in it like self name, name of family member, address, house number, phone number etc. we divide it in like pre-primary, primary, secondary, pre-vocational etc. we also include other things like knowledge about the nearby environment – name of vegetables, fruits, birds. Other activity like dance, sleeping, playing etc

Ø  In math, we include knowledge of calculation (+, -, *, /) and their use in normal life, money matters, time or quantity etc. we divide in it like counting - cordial, ordinal, matching, grouping, classification, sequencing, patterns etc.

Ø   In writing, we include basic things to write down like name, address, phone number or family names etc. we divide in it like scrubbing, scribbling, tracing, copy etc. It also include having the knowledge about the fine motor activity of children and having  coordination in other activity like how to sit, eye contact, hand moments etc.

Safety feature of life for Special Children

Safety feature of life for Special Children

Safety feature is an important part of our life. It becomes our responsibility in case of special children. Special children require more care in term of road safety, different equipments, behaviour or sign language etc. Here we discuss some points related with the road safety like

road safety for special children

Road safety:-

ü  cross any terminals very carefully, when you cross the road look both the side

ü  always follow the traffic rules like red or yellow or green etc

ü  remember our route bus number

ü  use seat belt

ü  always remember sign board or rule & regulation etc

Safety from home equipment:-

ü  Always try to make understand the special children requirement about how to use these type of articles like blade, chigger, knife, fire, electricity, water, acid etc

 Understand the sign language:-

ü  Transportation like – bus, auto or other facilities

ü  Understand different sign boards

ü  No smoking or other help line number like police, hospital, fire etc

ü  Sign of school or temple or agriculture etc

safety feature for special children

First – aid:-

ü  use of dettol, cotton, cizger or patti etc

ü  If anybody burn out then use of cold water & with barnol etc

Other social behaviour:-

ü  Well come your guest and ask where are you from and whom you want to meet

ü  If you visit any other person home, use door-bell, behave in a manner

ü  Always sit in a proper manner and not touch every things

ü  If you are invited for any social program so behave in a manner and dress up yourself according to function

Process (step) for Toileting Training

Process (step) for Toileting Training

Toileting training is continues process which a child learn with age factor in normal situation. It is a quit different in mental retardation (MR) condition. The mental retardation (MR) children take lot of time to learn these types of basic activity like toileting, clothing or food. We have a sequence of age factor in which a child learn different -2 activity related with toileting or other.

Here we mention some basic activity with age group which a child learn like

Process (step) for Toileting Training  

ü   9 -12 months = concentrate on toileting

ü  12-18 months = tell after toileting

ü  18-24 months = tell before toileting

ü  24-30 months = use of toilet

ü  30-36 months = use toileting with regular time & wash also himself/herself

ü  36-48 months = use of toileting and make sure himself for individual

Norma steps for toileting training like

ü  Explain the importance of toileting

ü  Identification the location of toileting

ü  Firstly open the door

ü  Then after come inside and close the door

ü  Put down your clothes

ü  Sit on toilet seat

ü  Clean him-self & flush also

ü  Open door and come out

ü  Wash your hand with soap

  

Toileting indication for Special Children

Toileting indication for Special Children

It is a daily normal activity for human being. We include normal or special children in it. It’s come in primary activity for children because it decreases the dependent of children on parents. If children have the toileting training, it also avoids changing their clothes again & again. It becomes a criteria for school that if a children able to handle their toileting training process, he is able to take admission.

Toileting indication for Special Children

But in special children (mental retardation) having a different situation. They take a long time to learn this process. Toileting training is little bit different from food or clothing related activity. Toileting is not such a activity which teach any time but it depend on the child when he require a toileting training.

Requirement of toileting training:-

ü  If a child did not have knowledge about toileting, he always stays with dirty clothes so it requires changing their clothes time 2 times.

ü  It also becomes a reason for infection.

ü  It becomes difficult to take admission in school.

ü  These types of children not able to become socialize.

ü  It is also important for privacy.  

Adaptation of environment for Special Children

Adaptation of environment for Special Children

Adaptation is a important part of our life when a person or child make a relationship with outside, we call it adaptation like – useful things in our life for daily use or natural resources or other articles etc.

When, we discuss about special child it become very important. There are lots of factors which influence it. So we try to make them according to the special child requirement. This is our main adaptation. Those equipment who help us to make the adjustment, we call them adaptation equipment. 

Adaptation of environment for Special Children

We have some example like –

ü  Establishment:- we make a adjustment with stairs, width of door, switch for electric equipment.

ü  Furniture:- we include movable things in it like tables, sofa or highs of beds etc

ü  Clothes:- use of clothes, t-shirts, who to wear different clothes and what way they open.

ü  Equipment for individual use:- use of brush for special children(special handle), cup with two handle or other useful equipment for special children.

ü  Useful equipment for home:- heavy based iron, remote control , having cleaning item for home.

ü  Use of paper for different way.

ü  It is a process to become a self independent person.

ü  For external environment, we try to control there(special children) external environment, we make sure he/she is not under the control with external environment.

Meal time activity for special children

Meal time activity for special children:-

Meal activity is an important part of our life. Before delivery a child totally depend on mother meal activity. So it becomes mother responsibility to take a good & healthy meal before delivery (pre-natal). In this position, a child also play activity like moment of hand-leg but after birth, we start lot of activity like eating (meal), play or moment of different – different body parts.

Meal time activity for special children

          

  We see a continuous development of sequel and age group in every child like moment of different – different body parts, push up himself by leg, sitting and start walking etc. There are lot of skills which helpful for children to develop their life. We normally call it self-helpful skills like meal related activity, toilet activity, bathing & brushing, how to wear clothes. All these activity is very easy for a normal child but in case of special children, we make special arrangement for different-2 activity.

                                                                  Meal activity is become important for special children because he is unable to do a single activity for himself/herself like how to sit, how to eat, use of spun, other social behaviour or how to hand wash before and after eating etc. Here we mention some activity of children according to their age group.

ü  New born baby – 3 months = put finger in mouth and other normal activity

ü  3 month           - 6 months  = catch the bottle with help & put up things into mouth

ü  6 month           - 9 months  =  bottle without help, eat biscuit, take liquid with spun

ü  9month            - 12months =  increase the use of mouth activity

ü  12month          - 18months= catch the spun in good way & cup with handle

ü  18month          -24months = efficiency in use of spun in terms of wastage, pipe for liquid

ü  24month          -36months = take food & handle it in a eating manner

How to teach brushing

How to teach brushing :-

Brushing is an important part of our life. It is a daily activity in current life. Here we are talking about brushing for a Mental Retardation, a special child. A special child is not able to do his all daily activity so it is our primary responsibility to teach them.

How to teach brushing 

                                                                
                Firstly we do one thing that we collect the essential thing for brushing like – brush, toothpaste, mirror, water & towel etc. Them after we see that the child is able to easily handle the brush or not. In other words, we check the fine motor or gross motor skills of special child. If child is not able to handle the brush, we make that handle little big so that the child can able to handle it very easily.
                                                    Secondly, start brushing with front side teeth. In this, we start this process with our help then after some time, we decrease our supports and children handle the process alone. After front side teeth, we try to brush with back side or side by side or up & down also. Lastly, we teach how to wash our mouth with water and clean it with cloth/towel.

                               Finally we can say that brushing is an important part of normal life as well as for special children also. In short, we can say that with a complete process, we can teach them “How to Brush”

  

Time concept for Mental Retardation

Time concept for Mental Retardation

Time concept is really important for Mental Retardation children. It helps the child to understand the number would like different figure, tables or low level of calculation. Age factor is really important for it, if any children at the age of 11-15 years come under this which we call “secondary class”. 

Time concept for Mental Retardation

                                    In this class, firstly we teach number game like counting from 1,2,3…….12, when children learn these things, he compete first step. Second step is knowledge about big & small things. When a child able to calculate the size, he little bit become conscious about different-2 things. When a child complete these step then after we teach him about clock timing. We ask him about the big needle or small needle and where they are put up. This process make also independent. This process also require a table number 5, so that a children aware the gap between the number in clock.

                                                                                 So these are the basic step of time concept which require for a disabled children. This process depend on teacher, who he/she can make understand the children. 

Nursing care for Mental Retardation

Nursing care for Mental Retardation

                                                          Mental Retardation children always require a nursing care.  These children also require special care to fulfill their need and improve their normal skill. It is important to analysis their change in behaviour because these children are unable to express them-self.

Nursing care for Mental Retardation

                                        

                                                                              These children (Severe/profound) require more self care in terms of neat and clean, routine activity & so on. These things help children to stop the infection issue. It is very important to bath a single time daily to avoid skin problem. At the time of bath, if it is possible to make a exercise like finger, hand or leg, according to their capacity. Always make a fix routine for different – 2 part.

                                                              Effected body parts also require a special care for it like skin problem and other skin related issue. For example – if a person has a bad rest so this person must care their skin issue and properly require cleaning it. There are some situation in which a disabled person require more care like-

ü  If a person have bad rest, it must to give him a change at least 3 hours in day and night

ü  Proper blood circulation require a special care of skin

ü  Always put body in a position where there is no pressure on one side like on hand or on leg

ü  Effected body parts must require special care in skin issue 

Important point before making any educational program

Important point before making any educational program ?

In our country, we not take much step to make any program for disabled children. Mostly we use out sided or other program which developed by rest of the world. These program developed by other person so that these program not fulfill our expectation so we try to develop our program which is according to our need and requirement so that we make it more meaning full.

Important point before making any educational program

                                   To develop a best educational program, it should be developed in our environment with our need and requirement. In it, we include age group, social relationship, future relationship & growth, coordination & activity with capacity. We take a suggestion from children and parents also to make a education program. A good program must include current program with future prospects.

                                                                          We must keep in mind before developing any education program-

ü  Simple use of equipment for Mental Retardation children

ü  Equipment for skill development

ü  Material according to age group

ü  Easy method to teach

ü  Multiple use of equipment

ü  Low cost of equipment