Different Types /Condition of Mental Retardation

Different Types /Condition of Mental Retardation ?

Every MR child have their own identity & condition. A teacher / parents make sure about a child interest, age, IQ level & need before preparing any lesson plan. There are different types of condition in MR which is related with medical, educational & psychological.

Different Types /Condition of Mental Retardation

Ø  Medical :-

v  Genetic cause,

v  Infectious

v  Nutritious cause

v  Natal, Pre - natal, Post natal cause

v  Environment cause

v  Physically

Ø  Educational :-

v  Educable

v  Trainable

v  Custodial

Ø  Psychological( IQ Levels ) :-

v  70– 50 Mild Mental Retardation

v  49– 35 Moderate MR

v  34– 20 Sever MR

v  Below20 – Profound MR

The charactertics of Vision Impairment

The characteristics of Vision Impairment

1. poor concept:-

Visible impairment (VI) children have a poor concept about their knowledge. They are able to speak and hear but without eyes sight they are not sure about total concept of anything.A normal student learn lot of thing from environment  or nearby and try to follow them But VI (visible impairment )children not understand the concept without eyes so they also use word to express.

                             The short, we say that a normal children have a story concept with hearing / speaking / eyes sight but a VI children have  speaking  power . He not able to find about color size due to this concept they have a poor.

 charactertics of Vision Impairment

2. Problem’s in mental ability development:-

                                    Visually impairment are equally like a normal child by their wisdom / intelligence. If visually impairment child get any opportunity of education if after that we found a systematically increase in their intelligence quiescent. But they have their way to identify any thing. Example -: A normal child identify the speed, moment, distance of anything very easily but a visually impairment student child have no experience like hills, rivers, moon, sun, sky etc.        

3. Problem s in socialization :- 

                                   Social accept deaf blind but do not accept a low vision. So that create a negative impact visually impairment our society have emotional attachment with VI child due to their depend ability. So due to this reason they have a lack of self confidence.

what you know about Autism

 Autism-: Autism is a word from a Greece language & the meaning of this is “self”. This word use by Ugan Blulaler in 1911. It is a development disorder. It is a group of behaviour disorder & its included social skills, language skills, behaviour skills, emotional skills & repeated behaviour.

what you know about Autism

Normally, this type of disorder start in early ages mostly, we found this type of disorder into 3-5 years of the age. In this age behaviour is the main issue of a child, due to this psychological relationship with the outside break down. In this disorder parents behaviour is very important when we give love & sympathy this types of children unable to give any reaction on this & they are happy in to them self . If  parents / teacher try to teach them anything, children not give any  attention on this topic / conversation .

What you know about the Hearing Impairment

 Hearing Impairment -:

                                           Hearing is an impairment part of our body, in daily activity. We listen lot of things & try to put them into our performance. But lots of people have unable to hear so we call them hearing impairment. Those people who have problem in hearing or listen. It’s found inside, middle and outside of ear.

    

      Due to this cause, any person have less power to listen & in this process, he face lot of problems which related with hearing impairment & speaking. There are two types of hearing impairment -:

Ø  Deaf

Ø  Hard of hearing

These are two criteria in which we in cloud all type of hearing impairment:

1) Deaf -: A deaf child / person are those types of person which are unable listen a single word or any type of hearing AIDS. After that also, they are unable to listen anything.

what you know about the Hearing Impairment

2) Hard of hearing -: That person if they use any hearing aids after that they listen & learn lot of things. It makes this process very easy. So these people are able to communicate with the society, learn lot of thing from the environment & make their life socialize.

Defination of Mental Retardation

Mental Retardation:-

              We normally call it MR. It is a conditionally disability. It represented by a low intelligence or low adaptive skills in children, it’s normally found at natal, post natal stage in life. It is measured by two ways, first is intelligence quotient & second is adaptive skills.

Defination of Mental Retardation   

   Due to this condition the child have a weak growth physically & mentally. It is not a disease but it is a condition. In which mind will not be develop due to this children start to understand very slowly. The IQ ( Intelligence Quotients ) level and adaptive skills both are include the ability to speak & understand, living skills, write, read, self care, social direction.

 In short, we say that these types of children unable to day by day activity like other children, so they require special care from their family member, teacher (special educator) and  society so that, they develop them self & try to live like a normal child.

  In different age group, you found multiple types of MR related activity. In this different area, we found less positive behaviour.

1 Infancy and Childhood     

o   Self activity

o   Social activity

o   Loco skills

o   Communication skills

2 Childhood and Adolescent

  o  Lack education in daily activity

  o Lack of dissuasion making in social environment / information

3 Adolescent and adulthood

o  Vocational & social responsibility

@ - Identification of Mental Retardation

Different types of Symptoms for visual impairment(VI)?

1. Continue coming water from eyes.

2. Red eyes

3. Pain in head.

4. Use one eye to see.

5. Hesitation in conversation.

symptoms for visual impairment

6. Difficult to identified the colors & mixer.( characteristic)

7. Problem to identified size of any things or moment.

8. Normally feel things by touch.

9. Move his / her head back ward / forward to see.

10. Make a mistake to right down from blackboard.

11. Put books or anything near eye.

12. Problem in walking or any other moment with sour rending.

13. Problem in coordination with both eyes.

14. Problem in read & write.

Defect of vision Disability

What is Defect of vision Disability?

Defect of vision Disability

Hyperopia

Long sighted

Presbyopio

Astigmatism

Colour blindness

Night Blindness 

Visual Impairment -:

VI means visual impairment. When a children enable to see nearby or far way things / articles that is called visual impairment. The experience of a child / person very limited because primary way to collect the information available. Our society accepts a deaf blind person / child but did not accept a low vision. Because low vision sit in the class and he is unable to see the black board very accurately and he ask lot of question to understand the topic. This thing make classroom unbalanced.

visual Impairment

                          A person learns lot of things from his past experience and environment but a low vision unable to do the same. An expert believes that education should be provided all the children equally for this teacher should be trained by the expert. Due to this we stop the tradition of the society to words the low vision child / person. Different material should be used for this process and a good behaviour with low vision person makes them confident & develops  them like a good civilian. Defect           

Useful Shortform for Disabilities

Useful Short form for Disabilities:-

ü  AAMD   - The American Association on mental Deficiency.

ü  ADA       - Americans with Disabilities Act.

ü  AAMR   - The American Association on Mental Retardation.

ü  AAC       - Alternative Augmentative Communication.

ü  ADA       - Americans with Disabilities Act.

ü  ADHD    - Alienation Deficit Hyperactive Disorder.

ü  ADD       - Alienation Deficit Disorder.

ü  ADPP      -Assistance to Disabled Person for Purchase.

ü  ALIMCO - Artificial Limb Manufacturing Corporation of India.

ü    ADL      - Activities of Daily Livings.

ü  APE        -  Adaptive Physical Education.

ü  ASL        -  American Sign Language.

ü  AT           - Assistive Technological.

ü  APA         - American Psychological.

ü  ALC         - Artificial Limb Center.

ü  AAW        - Anganwadi Worker.

ü  AYJNHH  - Ali Yavar Jung National Institute For The Hearing Handicapped.

Useful shortform for Disabilitie

ü  BD            - Behavioral Disorder.

ü  BSL          - British Sign Language.

ü  BASIC MR - Behavioral Assessment Scale for Indian Children with Mental Retardation.

ü  CA         - Chronological Age.

ü  CAP       - Curricular Action Plan.

ü  CAPD    - Central Auditory Processing Disorder.

ü  CBR       - Community Based Rehabilitation.

ü  CRC       - Composite Rehabilitation Centre.

ü  CHC       - Community Health Centre.

ü  CRE       - Continuing Rehabilitation Education.

ü  CWSN   - Children with Special Need.

ü  CWD     - Children with Disabilities.

ü  DSW     - Department Of Social Welfare.

ü  DPED    - District Primary Education Programs.

ü  CP         - Cerebral Palsy.

ü  CD        -  Cog native Disturbance.

ü  DALY  -  Disability Adjusted Life Year.

ü  DISE    -  District Information System for Education.

ü  DMHP -  District Mental Health Programmer.

ü  DPO    -   Disabled Persons Organization.

ü  DDRC -   District Disability Rehabilitation Center.

ü  DSM4 -   Diagnoses and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition.

ü  DF       -   Deaf Blindness.

ü  DMD   - Develop Mental Delay.

ü  DIET   – District Institute of Education and Training.

ü  DS       - Down Syndrome.

ü  DSM – Diagnostic and Statistical Mental of Disorders by the American Psychiatric Association.

ü  EPS -    Employees Pension Scheme.

ü  ECCE –  Elementary Child Care & Education.

ü  ESCAP – The Economic and Social Commission for the Asia and Pacific Region.

ü  EPSDT - Early and Periodic Screeching Diagnosis and Treatment.

ü  ECE     - Early Childhood Education.

ü  ED       – Educational Disturbance.

ü  EIP       - Early Intervene on Program me.

ü  EFA     - Education for All.

ü  EMR    – Educable Mentally Retarded.

ü  ESEA   – Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

ü  FACP   – Functional Assessment Checklist for Programming.

ü  ICIDH  – The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps.

ü  ICD       – International Classification of Disability.

ü  IEDC     – Integrated Education for Disabled Children.

ü  ICDS     – Integrated Child Development Service.

ü  IEP        – Individualized Educational Program me.

ü  IFSP      – Individualized Family Service Plan.

ü  IGNOU – Indira Gandhi National Open University.

ü  IPH        – The Institute for the Physically Handicapped.

ü  ILO        – International Labor Organization.

ü  ISL         – Indian Sign Language.

ü  IYDP      – International Year of Disabled Persons.

ü  LD          – Learning Disabled.

ü  LRC       – Least Restrictive Environment.

ü  LPC        – Large Print Computer.

Shortform used in Disability

ü  MBD      – Minimal Brian Dysfunction.

ü  MD         – Multiple Disabilities.

ü  MDPS     – Madras Development Programming System.

ü  MHRD    – Ministry of Human Resource and Development.

ü  MOH       – Ministry of Health.

ü  MR          – Mental Retardation.

ü  MSJE      – Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment.

ü  NCERT   – National Council of Educational Research &Training.

ü  NCTE      - National Council of Teacher Education.

ü  NGO        – Non Government Organization.

ü  NHFDC   – The National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation.

ü  NICDR    – National Information Center on Disabled & Rehabilitation.

ü  NIMH     – National Institute for Mentally Handicapped.

ü  NIOH      – National Institute of Orthopedically Handicapped.

ü  NIRTAR – National Institute of Rehabilitation, Training and Research.

ü  NIVH      – National Institute for Visually Handicapped.

ü  NSSO      – National Sample Survey Organization.

ü  NIOS       – National Institute of open Schooling.

ü  NPRPD   – National Program me for Rehabilitation of Person with Disabilities.

ü  NPE         – National Policy on Education.

ü  NUEPA    – National University of Educational Planning and Administration.

ü  OH           - Orthopedic Handicapped.

ü  OT            – Occupational Therapy.

ü  PIED        – Project Integrated Education for the Disabled.

ü  POA         – Program me of Action.

ü  PT            – Physically Therapy.

ü  PTA         – Pure Tone Audiometric.

ü  PHC         – Primary Health Center.

ü  PSL          – Pakistan Sign Language.

ü  PWD        – Person with Disability Act.

ü  PWMR     – Person with Mental Retardation.

ü  RCI           – Rehabilitation council of India.

ü  RET           – Rational Emotive Therapy.

ü  HRD          – Human Resource Development.

ü  SCERT      – State Council for Education Research and Training.

ü  SE              – Special Education.

ü  SSA           – Servo Shiksha Abhiyan.

ü  SLD           – Specific Learning Disability.

ü  STD            – Sexually Transmitted Disease.

ü  TEACH  – Treatment and Education of Autism and related Communication Handicapped.

ü  TMR        – Trainable Mentally Retarded.

ü  TDD        – Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf (Hearing Impaired)

ü  UGC        – University Grants Commission.

ü  UNFPA    – United Nation Fund for Population Activities.

ü  UNESCO  – United Nation Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

ü  UNCIEF   – United Nations of International Children Emergency Fund.

ü  VSA         – Very Special Arts.

ü  VSMS      – The Vineland Social Maturity Scale.

ü  WHO       – World Health Organization.

ü  WISC       – Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

ü  VAPS       – Vocational Assessment Programming System.

ü  VI             – Visual Impairment.

ü  VRC         – Vocational Rehabilitation Center.

ü  UNCRPD – United Nations Convention on the Right of Person with Disabilities.